Associate News

Actual superpowers certain humans have, due to genetic mutation.

If you could choose any superpower, what would it be? Disappointingly, most of us don’t have a mutant gene that allows for superior capabilities. Turns out humans are 99.9% genetically identical. Yet, there’s a lot of variation expressed within that remaining 0.1%. How tall or short we are, what skills we have, our hair and eye color, and even predispositions to certain diseases or conditions, are all encapsulated within our genes. Source: bigthink.com

由於基因突變，某些人類擁有真正的超能力。如果您可以選擇任何超能力，您會選擇什麼？令人失望的是，我們大多數人並沒有能夠帶來卓越能力的突變基因。事實證明，人類的基因有 99.9% 是相同的。然而，剩下的 0.1% 卻存在著很大的差異。我們的身高、我們擁有的技能、我們的頭髮和眼睛的顏色，甚至對某些疾病或病症的易感性，都包含在我們的基因中。

Incredible vision.

How many colors can the average person see? The answer: about 1 million. Those with tetrachromacy, however, are estimated to see up to 100 million colors. While most humans have three color receptors in their eyes, tetrachromats, usually women, have four. This is caused by a mutation of the opsin gene and about 12% of women have it.

令人難以置信的願景。一般人能看到多少種顏色？答案是：大約100萬。然而，據估計，具有四色視覺的人可以看到多達 1 億種顏色。大多數人的眼睛裡有三種顏色感受器，而四色視者（通常是女性）則有四種。這是由視蛋白基因突變引起的，約有 12% 的女性患有這種疾病。

Super strength.

Who wouldn’t want to be stronger? Well, those with a mutation in the MSTN gene don’t. Their muscles are already amped up, due to a lack of myostatin—a protein which tells the muscles when to stop growing. In humans, this mutation allows one to reach a muscle mass double that of the average person and stay muscular, without having to do much to keep it up.

超強的力量。誰不想變得更強大？而 MSTN 基因發生突變的人則不會。由於缺乏肌肉生長抑制素（一種告訴肌肉何時停止生長的蛋白質），他們的肌肉已經變得發達。對於人類來說，這種突變可以使人的肌肉質量達到普通人的兩倍，並且保持肌肉發達，而無需付出太多努力來維持。

Uncanny flexibility.

Marfan syndrome is a condition, caused by genetic mutation, where a person has less connective tissue than they should. Our connective tissue keeps our limbs, organs, and other body parts firmly in place. Those who have Marfan syndrome often have long limbs, piano fingers, and incredible flexibility.

不可思議的靈活性。馬凡氏症候群是一種由基因突變引起的疾病，患者的結締組織少於正常水平。我們的結締組織使我們的四肢、器官和其他身體部位牢牢地固定在位。患有馬凡氏症候群的人通常四肢修長，手指靈活，並且非常靈活。

Unbreakable bones.

Think Wolverine’s adamantium skeleton is impressive? Well, it is. But there’s a superpower in real life that’s sort of like that, unbreakable bones. The LRP5 gene is responsible for many bone ailments, but what’s remarkable, a mutation associated with the LRP5 gene can have the opposite effect. Researchers at Yale University have discovered a mutation where bones are super strong and extremely resistant to breaking.

無斷骨。你認為金鋼狼的艾德曼金屬骨架令人印象深刻嗎？是的。但現實生活中確實存在著一種類似的超能力，那就是牢不可破的骨頭。 LRP5 基因是導致許多骨骼疾病的元兇，但值得注意的是，與 LRP5 基因相關的突變可能會產生相反的影響。耶魯大學的研究人員發現了一種突變，使骨骼變得超級堅固，極難斷裂。

Super speed.

Ever wanted to run incredibly fast? Although comic books powers are overly dramatic, there are folks in this world who display exceptional athletic ability, including running. The mutation here is located at gene ACTN3, also known as the “sports gene.” This involves how fast muscles move, allowing them to flex faster for running and other physical activities. A 2008 study found that lots of top runners and athletes possess the mutation.

超級速度。曾經想過要跑得飛快嗎？儘管漫畫書中的力量過於戲劇化，但這個世界上還是有人展現出非凡的運動能力，包括跑步。這裡的突變位於基因 ACTN3，也稱為「運動基因」。這涉及肌肉的運動速度，使它們能夠在跑步和其他體力活動中更快彎曲。 2008 年的一項研究發現，許多頂尖跑者和運動員都帶有這種基因突變。

Perfect memory recall.

Those with hyperthymesia can remember everything. Basically, it can be explained as having a super memory or an autobiographical one. Each person with hyperthymesia has a larger caudate nucleus—a part of the brain which helps us process and store memories. There may also be a strong link between the caudate nucleus and the temporal lobe, an area responsible for sensory input, emotion, language, memory, and comprehension.

完美的記憶回憶。患有超憶症的人可以記住所有的事情。基本上，這可以解釋為擁有超級記憶或自傳體記憶。每個患有超憶症的人都有一個更大的尾狀核——大腦的一部分，幫助我們處理和儲存記憶。尾狀核和顳葉之間也可能有緊密的聯繫，顳葉是負責感覺輸入、情緒、語言、記憶和理解的區域。